Synovium projecting into the fat pad as two foldings. The synovium also lines infrapatellar fat pad, the fat pad that lies below the ligamentum patellae. Synovium lining the capsule and its bursae. Between these two extensions, the synovial membrane passes in front of the two cruciate ligaments at the center of the joint, thus forming a pocket direct inward. Behind, the synovial membrane is attached to the margins of the two femoral condyles which produces two extensions (semimembranosus bursa under medial head of the gastrocnemius and popliteal bursa under lateral head of the gastrocnemius) similar to the suprapatellar bursa. : 210 The suprapatellar bursa is prevented from being pinched during extension by the articularis genus muscle. Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is attached on the margin of the cartilage both on the femur and the tibia, but on the femur, it communicates with the suprapatellar bursa or recess and extends the joint space proximally. The articular capsule has a synovial and a fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits. Main article: Articular capsule of the knee joint ![]() : 206 On its posterior surface is a lateral and a medial articular surface, : 194 both of which communicate with the patellar surface which unites the two femoral condyles on the anterior side of the bone's distal end. It is inserted into the thin anterior wall of the joint capsule. The patella also serves an articular body, and its posterior surface is referred to as the trochlea of the knee. The pair of tibial condyles are separated by the intercondylar eminence : 206 composed of a lateral and a medial tubercle. The resulting series of transverse axes permit the sliding and rolling motion in the flexing knee while ensuring the collateral ligaments are sufficiently lax to permit the rotation associated with the curvature of the medial condyle about a vertical axis. This diminishing radius produces a series of involute midpoints (i.e. : 206 The radius of the condyles' curvature in the sagittal plane becomes smaller toward the back. These diverge slightly distally and posteriorly, with the lateral condyle being wider in front than at the back while the medial condyle is of more constant width. The main articular bodies of the femur are its lateral and medial condyles. ![]() Because it is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body, the ossification process takes significantly longer. ![]() Īt birth, the kneecap is just formed from cartilage, and this will ossify (change to bone) between the ages of three and five years. It plays an essential role in movement related to carrying the body weight in horizontal (running and walking) and vertical (jumping) directions. The knee is the largest joint and one of the most important joints in the body. The posterolateral corner of the knee is an area that has recently been the subject of renewed scrutiny and research. The joint is bathed in synovial fluid which is contained inside the synovial membrane called the joint capsule. The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower leg.
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